In recent months, the healthcare community in Canada has observed a troubling resurgence of measles cases, with reported instances in Alberta and British Columbia starting in March 2025. This trend is part of a broader global pattern that has seen measles outbreaks increase over the past several years. International travel facilitates the introduction of this highly contagious disease into countries like Canada, and has played a significant role in this upward trend along with reduced vaccination rates since 2020.
What is Measles?
Also known as rubeola or red measles, measles is a highly infectious viral disease. It spreads through the air by droplets expelled when an infected person coughs, sneezes, speaks, or even breathes. What makes the virus particularly menacing is that it can linger in the air for up to two hours, meaning you can become infected merely by passing through a room where an infected person was present before you arrived.
Symptoms and Risks
The symptoms of measles typically manifest around 10-14 days after exposure and can include:
- Fever of at least 38.3°C and
- Cough
- Runny nose
- Red eyes
- Rash that appears 3-7 days after the fever starts
- The rash typically begins on the face and behind the ears, and then spreads down the body to the arms and legs.
While these symptoms might be uncomfortable for some, they can be life-threatening for others. Infants too young to be vaccinated, children younger than age five, adults, pregnant women, and those with weakened immune systems are particularly at risk. Complications can include middle ear and lung infections, and more seriously, encephalitis (swelling of the brain), which can result in long-term disabilities or death. According to statistics, between 1-3 per 1,000 people who contract measles will die.
The Importance of Vaccination
Immunization remains the most effective measure against measles. The disease’s contagious period extends from four days before the rash appears to four days after, making timely vaccination crucial.
For those born before 1970, the likelihood of natural immunity is high, as measles was widely circulated before the introduction of the vaccine. However, for those born after
1970, two doses of a measles-containing vaccine are recommended to ensure full immunity. Specific guidelines also exist for those living in areas with ongoing outbreaks.
- Individuals born before 1970: Generally considered immune but should receive one dose of the vaccine if in high-risk areas.
- Individuals born after 1970: Should receive two doses of the vaccine.
- In Canada, a 2 dose schedule was not introduced until 1996, with a catch up campaign targeting school aged children. If you are not confident you received two doses, it is encouraged you seek an additional dose.
- Pregnant women and immunocompromised individuals: Should avoid the vaccine and take other preventive measures.
Prevention and Proactive Action is Essential
Staying informed and proactive in your health choices plays an essential part in preventing outbreaks and protecting those who are most vulnerable. The science is clear: preventive healthcare saves lives.
If you suspect that you have been exposed to measles, immediate action is essential. Isolate yourself and contact your healthcare provider or clinic for advice. This step not only helps protect you but also prevents the potential spread of the disease to others, especially those who may be more vulnerable to severe complications.
The resurgence of measles serves as a reminder of the importance of preventive healthcare. Vaccination is the most effective defense we have against measles, and adherence to immunization guidelines is crucial for protecting yourself, your family and your community.
For more information or advice, connect with your Care Coordinator to book some time to discuss measles with your Harrison Registered Nurse, or contact your community healthcare provider.
For more information, visit
- In BC: HealthLinkBC
- In Alberta: Alberta Health Services
- In Ontario: Public Health Ontario
